Sudan has faced low annual rainfall, of less than 300 mm in most parts of the country, and this has led to constraints in economic development and the daily life of people. The “Water and Sanitation Policy of Sudan”, which was prepared by the National Water Corporation in 2010, reported that water demand (32.1 km3 per year) have already exceeded the whole amount of water resources in the country ( 29.5 to 31.5 km3 per year). The demand for water resources is expected to further increase due to the high rate of population increase (3.2% per year), and the future balance between supply and demand has been a concern. Water resources are unevenly distributed in regions, and the “Non-Nile” region has suffered water shortage as compared to the Nile region. This is one of the reasons of the low access rate of safe water (national average 55%). Water allocation to each sector is also a problem. Only 3% is allocated for drinking water while more than 90 % is used for agriculture and livestock. Furthermore, there are other problems such as inappropriate management of water resources including hydrological observation system for groundwater and dam. In spite of these severe situations, they have not evaluated the water balance by region based on scientific findings. Therefore, this is also one of the reasons for the low access rate of safe water and low water-use efficiency.